Day before test

reformed=Reformation

Luther believed
1) Win salvation by faith in Gods gift of forgiveness
2) Church's teachings should be clearly based on the words of the bible
3) All people with faith are equal, don't need priests as interpret bible for them

~church called his ideas heretical ideas
~1520 Pope Leo X issues a decree to excommunicate him from the church unless he takes back his statements
~Luther before a crowd throws decree into a fire and he is excommunicated from church

~Holy emperor Charles V holds a trial and finds Luther guilty

~The is held in Prince Frendrick's castle where he makes the bible in German

~Changes name to "Junker Jorg"

~When he returns to Wittenburg after a year people find his ideas good and use them

~

Luther and the Reformation

Church Work

~SOCIALLY: Renaissance emphasis on the secular(worldly) and the individual challenged church authority
-printing press spread these ideas
~POLITICALLY: Rulers(especially Germans) began to challenge church's political power
~ECONOMICALLY: Northern Merchants resented paying church taxes to Rome

Church Problems
~corrupt leadership
~Popes spent money on personal pleasure
~Pope Alexander the 6th admitted to fathering 7 children
~Priests and Monks were poorly educated
~Some priests broke vows, got married, and had children
~Some priests drank heavy, gambled

Indulgences
~Selling indulgences (pardons) "Releases a sinner from preforming the penalty a priest imposed for sins"
~Johann Tetzel was a monk who sold indulgences to help rebuild St. Peters Cathedral

Martin Luther

~Born in Germany1483
~Studied trivium- grammer, logic, rhetoric- hates it
~Attends university of Erfurt
~After that inrolls in law school

At 21 thrown off his horse and was scared and vowed to become a priest

~then drops out of law school
~joins Augustinian monastery
~ordained priest
~teaches theology at university of Wittenburg
~two bachelors degrees
~doctor of theology
~MAD AT CHURCH

~called Tetzel a "pardon merchant"
made 95 objections to the way the church was doing business and nailed to the church door
~known as "95 Theses"














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Section 3

1)
A)Indulgence- Belief to buy way into heaven
B)Reformation- formation of several protestant churches
C)Lutheran- What Luther and his followers were called
D)Protestant- Christians who belong to non catholic churches
E)Peace of Augsburg- a religious statement that decided the religion of the state
F) Annul- to set aside marriage
G)Anglican- church of England with Elizabeth as head


3) What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation?
    Queen Elizabeth restore Protestantism, monarchs challenged the church, people viewed Pope as a foreign ruler, merchants didn't want to pay taxes, and people wanted to divorce.

4) From what term did Protestantism ordinate?
     During the a war in Germany they stayed loyal to the Pope but didn't attend Catholic event so they became known as Protestants.

Finishing the powerpoint

Today in Western Civilization with Mr. Schick's class we finished the powerpoint talking the printing press.

We talked about how the Chinese invented it and then Johannes Gutenburg revolutionized it in 1439 which was a very important invention for that time.

Day 2 Renaissance

Today in Western Civilization we learned more on the Renaissance.

Humanism 

~Deep interest in what people have already achieved, as well as what they are capable of achieving in the future

~ resembles Greek word Arete 

Classical writings were important to them worldly (Secular) values were essential-concerned with the here and now- christian values still important but separate from secular values 

Renaissance women= someone who supported male artists 

Renaissance man= Master of many fields of work 

Sculptures made realistic figures, such as the Pieta 

~carved from marble
~found in St. Peters Basilica in Vatican city

Perspective: Using shadowing and depth to create the illusion of three dimensions

Frescoes
~Where pigment merges with plaster, becoming part of the wall/ceiling

Literature
~wrote in the vernacular- native language
~Previously, most scholars writings was in Greek or Latin
~Wrote to express thoughts and feelings 

Day 1 renaissance

Today in West Civilization we began day 1 of the Renaissance. 

~Renaissance= rebirth ( Rebirth of art and learning)

~Cities were the center of action

~ Milan and florence had wealthy merchants and bankers 

Artists and the Medici 

~Merchants dominated political life

~the Medici were a powerful banking family 

~paid artists, writers, and musicians, to create beautiful works of Art 

~they were patrons 

Super Patron=Isabella d'este 

~educated 

~singer, flute player, innovative dancer

~Patron of Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, Bellini, Correggio, and many others 

Italy

Questions
1)
a)Renaissance~ Reborn, a period of time that changed history 
b) Humanism~movement that focused on human potential and achievements 
c) Secular~ being concerned with worldly other than spiritual matters
d) Patron~supports artists financially 
e) Perspective~ artists 3-D appearance 
f) Vernacular~every day language used
3) What are some of the characteristics of the "Renaissance Man" and "Renaissance Women"?
 A young man should be charming, witty, well educated, know how to dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. He should also be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman. Renaissance women were supposed to be charming,  were expected to inspire art but not create it, and were better educated than medieval women but had little influence in politics.
4) How did Italy cities help to make it the birthplace of the Renaissance?
It had thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of ancient Greece.
5) What was the attitude of Church leaders and the wealthy toward the arts? why?
they beautified Rome and other cities by spending huge amounts on the arts. They became patrons by financially supporting artists. Wealthy families were also patrons of the arts. They had their importance demonstrated by having their portraits painted in public squares.

Rome test

Today in Western Civilization with Mr. Schick we took our Rome test. I know for a fact that i did not do very well on it. I figure i will probably get somewhere in the low ninety's to high eighty's. I hope i did better than that but i am not very confident that i did well on this test. 

Review day (last)

On the last day of review we went over...
Julius
~ Granted citizenship to people in other provinces
~Expanded the senate and added his friends
~increased pay for soldiers
~created jobs for the poor through public works
~started colonies where those without land could have land
After his death
~Octavian took over at the age of 18
~Ruled with Mark Antony a skilled general and Lepidus a politician
~Octavian forced Lepidus to leave
~Mark Antony was with Cleopatra, in all ways( Militarily, Personally, Politically, Economically)
~Mark defeats Rome at the battle of Actium
~Ruled as Emperor  for 10 years
~Began a Stable Era pf peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana being 207 rules
Then came the different rulers AFTER him
~Tiberius
Excellent general but didn't want to be a general
~ After his sons death he exiled himself, left people in house in charge, died at 77

~Caligula
Known for his cruelty, Extravagance, and perversity, but was an insane tyrant
Ruled for 4 years
assassinated by guards, senators and the imperial court trying to restore the Republic

~Claudius
suffered from cerebral palsy
only took over because he was the last male in family,
ruled well built roads, aqueducts, canals, started conquest of Britain
Wife killed him from poison

~Nero
Emphasized art 
huge fire in 64, wanted to rebuild the city more majestic
hugely overspent, raided temples
historians didn't like him

Rome

Today in Mr. Schicks class we continued to review fro the test now on Wednesday.
~5000 soldiers in legion
~group of eighty in phalanx
~Rome won Naval battle against Carthage in first Punic war, over Sicily
~Second Punic war Hannibal attacks from North leaving peninsula a ruin fro 15 years
~Third Punic War Rome destroyed Carthage, burned fro 17 days, put 50,000 people into slavery.
~by the end of the 2nd Punic war aristocrats were buying small farms, worked slaves on farms, farms got bigger until it was a massive estate
~massive estates called latifundia
~ Julius Caesar "Crossing the Rubicon" meaning reaching the point of no return
~

Mr. Schick Returns

Today in Mr. Schick's class we discussed more about Rome as he returned. We discussed the Etruscans and how they came from the North central part of the peninsula and were metal workers artists, and Architects.
~Romans stole many ideas from Greeks such as religious beliefs, alphabet, art, and military tech. and weaponry
~settled on banks of Tiber
~On seven hills
~ Torquin was superbus, final king of Rome (Seventh)
~was a tyrant
~his son Sextus forced himself on Lucretia a respected women with blackmail
~People ran the hole family out of town and didn't want anymore kings
~ Two councils
~had term of 1 year
Always aristocrats
traced their descendants to a famous ancestor
duty to deal justice, make laws, and command army
~plebs were 98% of population
~S.P.Q.R means Sentus Populusque Romanum means The Roman Senate and People
~Res Publica means the peoples affairs
~U.S molded government based on Romes

Day 8

1)- Greco-Roman culture: the mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture
    - Pompeii: a Roman town that got most affected by the volcanic eruption
    - Virgil: a poet who spent 10 years writing the most famous work of Latin literature
    - Tacitus: a Roman historian; very famous because he presented facts accurately
    - aqueduct helped bring water into cities and towns. 

5)  Started language called the Romance language (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian) and adopting Latin into there languages. 

Day 7

Unfortunately, i was not able to be in class today due to a doctors appointment.

Day 6

1)
~Inflation=When in the empire there was a drop in value of money but the prices of goods went up.

~Mercenary=Soldier who was paid to fight in Roman army against threats to the empire.

~Diocletian=Strong army leader who then became the emperor.

~Constantinople=A new capital in Rome.

~Attila=Germanic Assault on the Roman empire, they were a direct threat.


3) The economy was the most important cause of the empires decline, the economy drop effected agriculture, the growing population, and expansion.

4) He was a harsh ruler who worked hard to fix previous problems, split empire into two sides. He also increased the size of the Roman army.

5)They were fleeing or running away from the Huns who had moved into their lands destroying everything. Wanted to move to a new area. 

Day 5

1,3,4,5
~Jesus= Known as Christ and was believed to be a savior
~Apostle=Close followers of Jesus
~Paul=Key person who played a role in  the spread of Christianity
~Diaspora= Moving away from Jews
~Constantine=Roman emperor who stopped the persecution of Christians 
~Bishop=head of the churches in an area
~Peter=first apostle who helped spread Christianity
~Pope=head of all Christian churches
3) Personal relationships with God, peoples love for God neighbors and enemies.

4) Defined the church basic beliefs.

5) Roman empire had good roads, and good trade, the other areas did not.

Day 4; Rome

Today in Western Civilization with Mr. Schick still gone we have to compare a rap and the textbook. Because the textbook and the rap are all about the same idea of Rome. For example, the textbook give a great description of the land around Rome where as the rap only gives a small less detailed description. Also when describing the life of Julius Cesar, the rap gives an okay description but the textbook give a very good and in detail description.